Переименовать файлы в Linux
| Введение | |
| rename из util-linux | |
| rename на Perl | |
| Переименовать несколько файлов сразу | |
| Исходный код | |
| Похожие статьи |
Введение
Существует минимум две утилиты с очень похожими названиями. Они имеют разный синтаксис.
Понять какая утилита установлена у вас поможет команда
rename -V
rename from util-linux
rename -V
rename from util-linux 2.36.1
rename из util-linux поддерживает следующий синтаксис
rename from to file
Пример: переименовать файл heihei.ru.log в topbicycle.ru.log
rename heihei topbicycle heihei.ru.log
rename
Второй вариант rename - это утилита на языке Perl
rename -V
/usr/bin/rename using File::Rename version 1.10
rename поддерживает синтаксис regexp, как, например, sed
rename 's/from/to/' file
Пример: переименовать файл beget.ru.log в beget.com.log
rename 's/ru/com/' beget.ru.log
Переименовать несколько файлов одновременно
Пример: переименовать все файлы так чтобы
centos
заменилось на
rocky
Посмотрим на файлы
ls
centos-vnc.png centos-xrdp-png centos-install.png
Применим rename
rename centos rocky *
или
rename 's/centos/rocky/' *
Проверка
ls
rocky-vnc.png rocky-xrdp-png rocky-install.png
Исходный код
Код утилиты rename можно изучить выполнив
vi /usr/bin/rename
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
# $Revision$$Date$
# Robin's RCS header:
# RCSfile: rename.PL,v Revision: 1.3 Date: 2006/05/25 09:20:32
# Larry's RCS header:
# RCSfile: rename,v Revision: 4.1 Date: 92/08/07 17:20:30
#
# Log: rename,v
# Revision 1.5 1998/12/18 16:16:31 rmb1
# moved to perl/source
# changed man documentation to POD
#
# Revision 1.4 1997/02/27 17:19:26 rmb1
# corrected usage string
#
# Revision 1.3 1997/02/27 16:39:07 rmb1
# added -v
#
# Revision 1.2 1997/02/27 16:15:40 rmb1
# *** empty log message ***
#
# Revision 1.1 1997/02/27 15:48:51 rmb1
# Initial revision
#
use strict;
require File::Rename;
require File::Rename::Options;
use Pod::Usage;
main() unless caller;
sub main {
my $options = File::Rename::Options::GetOptions()
or pod2usage;
mod_version() if $options->{show_version};
pod2usage( -verbose => 2 ) if $options->{show_manual};
pod2usage( -exitval => 1 ) if $options->{show_help};
@ARGV = map {glob} @ARGV if $^O =~ m{Win}msx;
File::Rename::rename(\@ARGV, $options);
}
sub mod_version {
print __FILE__;
print ' using File::Rename version '. $File::Rename::VERSION;
print ', File::Rename::Options version '. $File::Rename::Options::VERSION
if (eval $File::Rename::Options::VERSION) < (eval $File::Rename::VERSION);
print "\n\n";
exit 0
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
rename - renames multiple files
=head1 SYNOPSIS
B<rename>
S<[ B<-h>|B<-m>|B<-V> ]>
S<[ B<-v> ]>
S<[ B<-0> ]>
S<[ B<-n> ]>
S<[ B<-f> ]>
S<[ B<-d> ]>
S<[ B<-e>|B<-E> I<perlexpr>]*|I<perlexpr>>
S<[ I<files> ]>
=head1 DESCRIPTION
C<rename>
renames the filenames supplied according to the rule specified as the
first argument.
The I<perlexpr>
argument is a Perl expression which is expected to modify the C<$_>
string in Perl for at least some of the filenames specified.
If a given filename is not modified by the expression, it will not be
renamed.
If no filenames are given on the command line, filenames will be read
via standard input.
For example, to rename all files matching C<*.bak> to strip the extension,
you might say
rename 's/\.bak$//' *.bak
To translate uppercase names to lower, you'd use
rename 'y/A-Z/a-z/' *
=head1 OPTIONS
=over 8
=item B<-v>, B<--verbose>
Verbose: print names of files successfully renamed.
=item B<-0>, B<--null>
Use \0 as record separator when reading from STDIN.
=item B<-n>, B<--nono>
No action: print names of files to be renamed, but don't rename.
=item B<-f>, B<--force>
Over write: allow existing files to be over-written.
=item B<--path>, B<--fullpath>
Rename full path: including any directory component. DEFAULT
=item B<-d>, B<--filename>, B<--nopath>, B<--nofullpath>
Do not rename directory: only rename filename component of path.
=item B<-h>, B<--help>
Help: print SYNOPSIS and OPTIONS.
=item B<-m>, B<--man>
Manual: print manual page.
=item B<-V>, B<--version>
Version: show version number.
=item B<-e>
Expression: code to act on files name.
May be repeated to build up code (like C<perl -e>).
If no B<-e>, the first argument is used as code.
=item B<-E>
Statement: code to act on files name, as B<-e> but terminated by ';'.
=back
=head1 ENVIRONMENT
No environment variables are used.
=head1 AUTHOR
Larry Wall
=head1 SEE ALSO
mv(1), perl(1)
=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
If you give an invalid Perl expression you'll get a syntax error.
=head1 BUGS
The original
C<rename>
did not check for the existence of target filenames,
so had to be used with care.
=cut
